{"id":436,"date":"2025-07-09T17:13:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T09:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/?p=436"},"modified":"2025-07-09T17:13:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T09:13:03","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e4%b8%a4%e5%9c%b0%e6%a3%80%e5%af%9f%e6%9c%ba%e5%85%b3%e5%8f%82%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%aa%e6%b3%95%e6%88%96%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%b3%95%e7%9b%91%e7%9d%a3%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%e5%af%b9%e6%af%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/?p=436","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8e\u4e24\u5730\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u7cfb\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u5dee\u5f02\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9898\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u79f0\u201c\u9999\u6e2f\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u9646\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\uff08Department of Justice\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5211\u4e8b\u68c0\u63a7\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ec8\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u5730\u201c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u201d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u5730\u5236\u5ea6\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u804c\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u8f83\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u590d\u6838\uff08Judicial Review\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u300a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u7b2c53\u6761\uff08Order 53\uff09\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7ec8\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u6848\u88c1\u5224\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e94\u8bc9\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5ba1\u67e5\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u7cfb\u6cd5\u57df\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5e76\u65e0\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u590d\u6838\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7687\u5bb6\u68c0\u5bdf\u7f72\uff08Crown Prosecution Service, CPS\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\u63d0\u4f9b\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u9999\u6e2f\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\u76f8\u4f3c\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5e76\u65e0\u5927\u9646\u6cd5\u7cfb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u6743\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6743\u5206\u79bb\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u300a\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0cHuman Rights Act\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4f46\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u4ecd\u5f52\u6cd5\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5dde\u6cd5\u9662\u6709\u6743\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u81eaMarbury v. Madison[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u786e\u7acb\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u6743\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5ba3\u5e03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6743\u5f62\u6210\u5b9e\u8d28\u5236\u8861\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5206\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5dde\u4e24\u7ea7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8054\u90a6\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\uff08Department of Justice\uff09\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff08U.S. Attorneys\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u5dde\u68c0\u5bdf\u957f\uff08State Attorneys General\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u5dde\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6216\u5dde\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u65b9\uff0c\u634d\u536b\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u5730\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

\u3010\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u5bf9\u5185\u5730\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53d1\u6325\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f20\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u6df1\u53d7\u82cf\u8054\u5217\u5b81\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u81ea\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u5373\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u6743\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u6587\u732e1\uff09\u5728\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u5927\u800c\u5316\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u5411\u4ee5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u76d1\u7763\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u804c\u6743\u9010\u6b65\u9650\u7f29\u4e3a\u5211\u4e8b\u3001\u6c11\u4e8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7b49\u8bc9\u8bbc\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u51c6\u902e\u6355\u3001\u516c\u8bc9\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u804c\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u3002[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5185\u5730\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u624b\u6bb5\u6db5\u76d6\u5211\u4e8b\u7acb\u6848\u548c\u4fa6\u67e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u5211\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u6c11\u4e8b\u68c0\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u884c\u653f\u68c0\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u516c\u76ca\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u68c0\u5bdf\u4fa6\u67e5\u7b49\uff0c\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8986\u76d6\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5411\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u7406\u5ff5\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u89c1\u6587\u732e2\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4eba\u5927\u3001\u76d1\u5bdf\u7b49\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6027\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u76d1\u7763\u4ecd\u5b58\u660e\u663e\u533a\u5206<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u5bdf\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5bf9\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u30022018\u5e74\u300a\u76d1\u5bdf\u6cd5\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u76d1\u5bdf\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u6301\u7eed\u6df1\u5316\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u539f\u6709\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u72af\u7f6a\u4fa6\u67e5\u6743\u88ab\u5212\u8f6c\u81f3\u76d1\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u804c\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5173\u201d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u76d1\u7763\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u53e0\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u5355\u5411\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u624b\u6bb5\u75b2\u8f6f\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u8303\u56f4\u72ed\u7a84\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f20\u529b\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u9762\u4e34\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u804c\u80fd\u534f\u8c03\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u6587\u732e4\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u96622025\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u804c\u52a1\u72af\u7f6a\u4fa6\u67e5\u6743\u7684\u5212\u8f6c\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a81\u51fa\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5173\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5bf9\u76d1\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u79fb\u9001\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u884c\u4f7f\u5ba1\u67e5\u8d77\u8bc9\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u56db\u5927\u68c0\u5bdf\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5c65\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4e0d\u65ad\u62d3\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u9886\u57df\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u76d1\u7763\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u7acb\u6848\u3001\u4fa6\u67e5\u3001\u5ba1\u5224\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u5404\u73af\u8282\u4f9d\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7edf\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5df2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5927\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u76d1\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u76d1\u7763\u4e3b\u4f53\u534f\u540c\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8d28\u6548\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9769\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u514b\u670d\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u5728\u5185\u5730\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u3002\u73b0\u884c1954\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u5c06\u201c\u76d1\u7763\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d4b\u4e88\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u53ca\u5176\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u62c5\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u72af\u7f6a\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u516c\u76ca\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u76d1\u7763\u8d2f\u901a\u534f\u8c03\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521b\u65b0\u5b9e\u8df5\u867d\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u624b\u6bb5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u884c\u653f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53f8\u6cd5\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u867d\u672a\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdd\u5baa\u5ba1\u67e5\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u542f\u52a8\u8fdd\u5baa\u5ba1\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53ef\u4f9d\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c110\u6761\u7b49\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u6cd5\u89c4\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5ba1\u67e5\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u4ef63\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u201c\u6743\u529b\u5236\u7ea6\u201d\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u76d1\u7763\u201d\u673a\u5236\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u5236\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5236\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4ee5\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u6cbb\u5411\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6d4e\u7f3a\u4f4d\u3001\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u201c\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u6743\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3001\u975e\u5211\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5f3a\u5236\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6536\u5bb9\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u201c\u62fe\u9057\u8865\u7f3a\u201d\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u89c1\u6587\u732e4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u4fb5\u72af\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u9644\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u9644\u3002\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9644\u4ef6\uff1a1. \u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c
\n2. \u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\u300a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u7b2c53\u6761\u547d\u4ee4
\n3. \u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u300b2023\u5e74\u4fee\u6b63\u6848
\n4. \u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u300b\u6709\u5173\u6761\u6587\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\uff1a1. \u5218\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u5e73\u51e1: \u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763\u80fd\u529b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cb3\u5317\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2022\u5e74\u7b2c40\u5377\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u738b\u9534: \u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2024\u5e74\u7b2c46\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u8303\u8fdb\u5b66: \u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u7763\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u653f\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b2025\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u9b4f\u6653\u5a1c\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u804c\u6743\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2018\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\u300a\u53f8\u6cd5\u590d\u6838\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7248<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u9a6c\u4f2f\u91cc\u8bc9\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u6848\uff08Marbury v. Madison\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8e1803\u5e74\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6743\u529b\u5141\u8bb8\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u5e03\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002\u6848\u4ef6\u8d77\u56e0\u4e8e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u79bb\u4efb\u524d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f8\u6cd5\u4efb\u547d\u672a\u80fd\u6309\u65f6\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u6770\u6590\u900a\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u547d\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u6839\u636e\u300a\u738b\u6842\u4e94\u8bba\u68c0\u5bdf\u300b\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u201d\u662f\u4ece\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u501f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c:\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u8fdd\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e88\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u8fdd\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u91c7\u53d6\u68c0\u5bdf\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u5148\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u822c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u89e6\u72af\u5211\u5f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u624d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u63d0\u8d77\u516c\u8bc9\u3002 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u9700\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u300b\u8d4b\u4e88\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u63d0\u51fa\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u975e\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u72ec\u4eab\uff0c\u5e76\u57282023\u5e74\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u524d\u540e\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u9644\u4ef64\u3002 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u4e00\u3001\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u7cfb\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u53c2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u5dee\u5f02\u6bd4\u8f83 \u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9898\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u79f0\u201c\u9999\u6e2f\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u9646\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f8b\u653f\u53f8\uff08Department of Justice\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5211\u4e8b\u68c0...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2","tag-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":437,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436\/revisions\/437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muchen.fan\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}